Bioinformatics (生物資訊)
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生物資訊是一門新興的研究領域, 它促使遺傳工程進步非常快速,
並有相當多的突破性成果,
就其原因¸
藉電腦之快速處理資料能力有很大影響,
何以DNA
的研究可以藉助電腦之運算?
原因是聰明的科學家將處理複雜的生物化學現像,
轉化為只要研究串列(string)間的關係即可[Heijne
1987], 因此這些資訊可以數位化,
也就可藉助電腦來處理。 雖然 DNA 實際是立體的分子結個搆, 但從邏輯的關點我們可以將它視為一個字母串列(String),
而且這些字母只限於 G, A, T, C [Olson 1995]。目前藉助電腦做DNA 串列比對, 已找出一些疾病的原因, 也應用於品種改良。有關這方面的研究,
實在是有太多的題材,
而且許多情況是要解複雜的尋優問題,
演算法著名學者Donald
E. Knuth 就曾說:「Biology
easily has 500 years of exciting problems to work with.」。 Heijne, G. von, Sequence Analysis in Molecular Biology: Treasure Tour or Trivial
Pursuit. Academic Press, Olson, M. V. A Time to Sequence. Science,
270: 394-396, 1995 |
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Bioinformatics – Web Resources |
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1.
2.
Algorithms for Molecular Biology http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~rshamir/algmb.html
(course material) 3.
European
Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ 4.
GeneBio
(Geneva Bioinformatics) - provides proteomics databases,
software tools, and services. http://www.genebio.com/ 5.
BioInform
Bioinformatics News Service - Worldwide coverage of software
and systems for genomics and biotechnology. 6.
@Australian
National University Bioinformatics Group - researches both
molecular bioinformatics and biodiversity informatics. 7.
Bioinformatics
- a basic introduction to the science from the 8.
Structural
Bioinformatics, Inc. - structural bioinformatics
technology resource building the first comprehensive database of dynamic 3D
structures of protein-based drug targets. http://www.strubix.com/ 9.
Bioinformatics
Centre - confluence of biology and computational sciences. http://www.bic.nus.edu.sg/ 10.
Brutlag
BioInformatics Group - have developed advanced profile and
sequence motifs for representing structural and functional aspects of
proteins (EMOTIF, EMATRIX, and 3MOTIF). These methods can be used for
assigning functions to unidentified protein sequences (Proteomes). http://motif.stanford.edu/ 11.
Bioinformatics.ca
- provides listings of workshops, events, resources, and educational
courses. http://www.bioinformatics.ca/
12.
BioInformatics
Institute - independent organization affiliated to the National
University of Singapore focusing on researching and teaching Bioinformatics
13.
Open
Bioinformatics Foundation - aiming to provide financial,
administrative, and technical assistance for various open source life science
projects. 14.
Texas
A&M Bioinformatics Working Group - includes campus
faculty, staff, and students with research and educational interests in the
expression of biodiversity data using new information technologies. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/tamuherb.htm 15.
Bioinformatics
Group http://bmbsgi11.leeds.ac.uk/bmb5dp/home.html 16.
Bioinformatics
Program - an interdisciplinary graduate research training
program http://bioinformatics.bu.edu/ 17.
Bioinformatics
Centre - provides information in the area of biotechnology with an
emphasis on virology, protein and nucleic acid sequences and structures,
microbial strain data, and also access to related areas through networks. http://bioinfo.ernet.in/ 18.
Genome
and Bioinformatics - deals with the design and development
of tools for bioinformatics, especially in the areas of molecular
biology and genome analysis. http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/bioinfo.html 19.
Proteomics
and Bioinformatics - interdisciplinary, collaborative,
graduate program. http://P-B.med.utoronto.ca/ 20.
BioInformatics
Services - consulting firm specializing in applying computational biology
to build solutions to complex biological and data analysis problems. 21.
First
International Conference on Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and
Structure (BGRS'98) - 22.
Bioinformatics
- includes links and instructions to bioinformatic tools and resources.
http://www.colorado.edu/chemistry/bioinfo/
23.
SBDS
(Southampton Bioinformatics Data Server) http://molbiol.soton.ac.uk/ 24.
Genomics
and Bioinformatics - M.S. degree program. http://www.gwumc.edu/bioinformatics/ 25.
Bioinformatics
Tools @ NBBNet - interface and directory for the national
biotechnology and bioinformatics network in 26.
Sencel
Bioinformatics - provides software that accelerates the most
sensitive genetic sequence database searches by an order of magnitude. 27.
Bioinformatic
Resources - Collection of human and other species genome databases,
research tools and news 28.
National
Bioinformatics Institute (NBI) - national organization of
bioinformaticians across the 29.
BioInformer,
The - quarterly newsletter which focuses on bioinformatics research,
developments, and services at the European Bioinformatics Institute
(EBI) and elsewhere. http://bioinformer.ebi.ac.uk/ 30.
ExPASy
Molecular Biology Server - Expert Protein Analysis System
proteomics server of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, dedicated
to the analysis of protein sequences and structures, as well as 2D PAGE. http://www.expasy.org 31.
Center
for Biological Sequence Analysis - Technical University of Denmark
- analysis of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. Prediction servers and
databases. http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/ 32.
BioMagResBank
- a repository for data from NMR spectroscopy on proteins, peptides,
and nucleic acids. http://www.bmrb.wisc.edu/ 33.
SWISS-PROT
- curated protein sequence database which strives to provide a high
level of annotations, a minimal level of redundancy, and high level of
integration with other databases. http://www.expasy.ch/sprot/sprot-top.html 34.
IMGT:
The International Immunogenetics Database - specialises in
immunoglobulins, T-cell receptors, and major histocompatibility complex
molecules of all vertebrate species; created by Marie-Paule Lefranc. http://imgt.cnusc.fr:8104/ 35.
SignalP
Server - used for prediction of secretory signal peptides and their
cleavage sites in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. 36.
The
SBASE Page - collection of annotated protein domains. http://www3.icgeb.trieste.it/~sbasesrv/ 37.
PEDANT:
Protein Extraction, Description, and ANalysis Tool - a software
system for completely automatic and exhaustive analysis of protein sequence
sets, from individual sequences to complete genomes. http://pedant.mips.biochem.mpg.de/ 38.
Borrelia
burgdorferi sensu lato Molecular Genetics Server - scientific data
concerning the bacterium which is the agent of lyme disease. 39.
Oligonucleotide
Probe Database - OPD provides data on design and use of
oligonucleotide probes in applications of molecular biology. 40.
Mamba
- links across the WWW to software for biologists. http://mamba.bio.uci.edu/ 41.
Molecular
Biological Server - data bases, systems, and programs on molecular
biology and genetics. http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru 42.
VirOligo
Compilation Lab - virus-specific oligonucleotides from published
literature for virus detection by PCR or hybridization.
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